LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction Class Reference

Defines the liquid bridge willet interaction between two particles or walls. More...

#include <LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction.h>

Inheritance diagram for LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction:

Public Types
typedef LiquidMigrationWilletSpecies	SpeciesType
	An alias name for LiquidMigrationWilletSpecies data type. More...

Public Member Functions
	LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction (BaseInteractable *P, BaseInteractable *I, Mdouble timeStamp)
	Constructor. More...
	LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction (const LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction &p)
	Copy constructor. More...
virtual	~LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction ()
	Destructor. More...
virtual void	actionsOnErase ()
	If an interaction needs to do something before it gets erased, add it here. E.g. Liquid bridges rupture at the end of their lifetime, and the liquid bridge volume has to be redistributed. The reason this action is not done in the destructor is that this action should not be taken when erasing ghost interactions. More...
void	actionsAfterTimeStep ()
	test if particle needs to be ruptured More...
void	computeAdhesionForce ()
	Computes the adhesive forces for liquid bridge Willet type of interaction. More...
void	read (std::istream &is)
	Interaction read function, which accepts an std::istream as input. More...
void	write (std::ostream &os) const
	Interaction print function, which accepts an std::ostream as input. More...
Mdouble	getElasticEnergy () const
	Returns the amount of Elastic energy involved in an interaction. Basically used in case you want to write the elastic energy into an output file. More...
const LiquidMigrationWilletSpecies *	getSpecies () const
	A dynamic_cast of BaseSpecies type pointer to a pointer of type LiquidMigrationWilletSpecies. More...
std::string	getBaseName () const
	Returns the name of the interaction, see Interaction.h. More...
Mdouble	getLiquidBridgeVolume () const
void	setLiquidBridgeVolume (Mdouble liquidBridgeVolume)
void	addLiquidBridgeVolume (Mdouble liquidBridgeVolume)
bool	getWasInContact () const
void	setWasInContact (bool wasInContact)
void	rupture ()
void	form ()
Mdouble	getRuptureDistance ()
int	getNumberOfContacts (BaseInteractable *interactable)
unsigned	getNumberOfFieldsVTK () const override
	writes extra information to the VTK output More...
std::string	getTypeVTK (unsigned i) const override
std::string	getNameVTK (unsigned i) const override
std::vector< Mdouble >	getFieldVTK (unsigned i) const override
Public Member Functions inherited from BaseInteraction
	BaseInteraction (BaseInteractable *P, BaseInteractable *I, Mdouble timeStamp)
	A constructor takes the BaseInteractable objects which are interacting (come into contact) and time the interaction starts. More...
	BaseInteraction (const BaseInteraction &p)
	Copy constructor. More...
	BaseInteraction ()
	Empty constructor. More...
virtual	~BaseInteraction ()
	The default destructor. More...
virtual void	computeForce ()
	Virtual function that contains the force law between the two objects interacting. More...
void	writeToFStat (std::ostream &os) const
	Writes forces data to the FStat file. More...
virtual std::string	getName () const
	Virtual function which allows interactions to be named. More...
void	setDistance (Mdouble distance)
	Sets the interaction distance between the two interacting objects. More...
void	setNormal (Vec3D normal)
	Sets the normal vector between the two interacting objects. More...
void	setOverlap (Mdouble overlap)
	Set the overlap between the two interacting object. More...
void	setContactPoint (Vec3D contactPoint)
	Set the location of the contact point between the two interacting objects. More...
void	setTimeStamp (Mdouble timeStamp)
	Updates the time step of the interacting. Note, timesteps used to find completed interactions. More...
void	setSpecies (BaseSpecies *species)
	Set the Species of the interaction; note this can either be a Species or MixedSpecies. More...
void	setP (BaseInteractable *P)
	Sets the first object involved in the interaction (normally a particle). More...
void	setI (BaseInteractable *I)
	Sets the second object involved in the interaction (often particle or wall). More...
void	setHandler (InteractionHandler *handler)
	Sets the pointer to the interaction hander which is storing this interaction. More...
InteractionHandler *	getHandler () const
	Gets a point to the interaction handlers to which this interaction belongs. More...
const Vec3D &	getForce () const
	Gets the current force (vector) between the two interacting objects. More...
const Vec3D &	getTorque () const
	Gets the current torque (vector) between the two interacting objects. More...
const Vec3D &	getNormal () const
	Gets the normal vector between the two interacting objects. More...
const Vec3D &	getContactPoint () const
	Gets constant reference to contact point (vector). More...
Mdouble	getOverlap () const
	Returns a Mdouble with the current overlap between the two interacting objects. More...
Mdouble	getContactRadius () const
	Returns a Mdouble with the current contact between the two interacting objects. More...
void	removeFromHandler ()
	Removes this interaction from its interaction hander. More...
void	copySwitchPointer (const BaseInteractable *original, BaseInteractable *ghost) const
	This copies the interactions of the original particle and replaces the original with the ghost copy. More...
void	gatherContactStatistics ()
BaseInteractable *	getP ()
	Returns a pointer to first object involved in the interaction (normally a particle). More...
BaseInteractable *	getI ()
const BaseInteractable *	getP () const
const BaseInteractable *	getI () const
	Returns a constant pointer to the second object involved in the interaction. More...
Mdouble	getTimeStamp () const
	Returns an Mdouble which is the time stamp of the interaction. More...
virtual void	integrate (Mdouble timeStep)
	integrates variables of the interaction which need to be integrate e.g. the tangential overlap. More...
virtual Mdouble	getTangentialOverlap () const
	get the length of the current tangential overlap More...
Mdouble	getDistance () const
	Returns an Mdouble which is the norm (length) of distance vector. More...
const Vec3D &	getRelativeVelocity () const
	Returns a constant reference to a vector of relative velocity. More...
Mdouble	getNormalRelativeVelocity () const
	Returns a double which is the norm (length) of the relative velocity vector. More...
Mdouble	getAbsoluteNormalForce () const
	Returns the absolute value of the norm (length) of the Normal force vector. More...
virtual BaseInteraction *	copy () const =0
	Makes a copy of the interaction and returns a pointer to the copy. More...
unsigned int	getMultiContactIdentifier () const
void	setMultiContactIdentifier (unsigned int multiContactIdentifier_)
virtual void	rotateHistory (Matrix3D &rotationMatrix)
	When periodic particles are used, some interactions need certain history properties rotated (e.g. tangential springs). This is the function for that. More...
void	setForce (Vec3D force)
	set total force (this is used by the normal force, tangential forces are added use addForce) More...
Public Member Functions inherited from BaseObject
	BaseObject ()
	Default constructor. More...
	BaseObject (const BaseObject &p)
	Copy constructor, copies all the objects BaseObject contains. More...
virtual	~BaseObject ()
	virtual destructor More...
virtual void	moveInHandler (const unsigned int index)
	Except that it is virtual, it does the same thing as setIndex() does. More...
void	setIndex (const unsigned int index)
	Allows one to assign an index to an object in the handler/container. More...
void	setId (const unsigned int id)
	Assigns a unique identifier to each object in the handler (container) which remains constant even after the object is deleted from the container/handler. More...
unsigned int	getIndex () const
	Returns the index of the object in the handler. More...
unsigned int	getId () const
	Returns the unique identifier of any particular object. More...

Private Attributes
bool	wasInContact_
	A history parameter to store if the particles were in contact or not. Useful to compute adhesive forces. More...
Mdouble	liquidBridgeVolume_

Additional Inherited Members
Protected Member Functions inherited from BaseInteraction
virtual const Vec3D	getTangentialForce () const
Mdouble	getEffectiveRadius () const
	Returns a Mdouble to the effective radius of the interaction. (Not corrected for the overlap) More...
Mdouble	getEffectiveMass () const
	Returns a Mdouble to the effective radius of the interaction. (Not corrected for the overlap) More...
Mdouble	getEffectiveCorrectedRadius ()
	Returns a Mdouble to the effective radius corrected for the overlaps of the particles. More...
void	addForce (Vec3D force)
	add an force increment to the total force. More...
void	addTorque (Vec3D torque)
void	setTorque (Vec3D torque)
	set the total force (this is used by the normal force, tangential torques are added use addTorque) More...
void	setRelativeVelocity (Vec3D relativeVelocity)
	set the relative velocity of the current of the interactions. More...
void	setNormalRelativeVelocity (Mdouble normalRelativeVelocit)
	set the normal component of the relative velocity. More...
void	setAbsoluteNormalForce (Mdouble absoluteNormalForce)
	the absolute values of the norm (length) of the normal force More...
const BaseSpecies *	getBaseSpecies () const
	Return a constant point to BaseSpecies of the interaction. More...
virtual Mdouble	getElasticEnergyAtEquilibrium (Mdouble adhesiveForce) const
virtual void	reverseHistory ()
	When periodic particles some interaction need certain history properties reversing. This is the function for that. More...

Detailed Description

Defines the liquid bridge willet interaction between two particles or walls.

Definition at line 39 of file LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction.h.

Member Typedef Documentation

typedef LiquidMigrationWilletSpecies LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction::SpeciesType

An alias name for LiquidMigrationWilletSpecies data type.

Definition at line 45 of file LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction.h.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction::LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction	(	BaseInteractable *	P,
		BaseInteractable *	I,
		Mdouble	timeStamp
	)

Constructor.

Parameters

[in]	P
[in]	I
[in]	timeStamp

Definition at line 40 of file LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction.cc.

References liquidBridgeVolume_, and wasInContact_.

    : BaseInteraction(P, I, timeStamp)
{
    liquidBridgeVolume_ = 0.0;
    wasInContact_ = false;
#ifdef DEBUG_CONSTRUCTOR
    std::cout << "LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction::LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction() finished" << std::endl;
#endif
}

LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction::LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction

(

const LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction &

p

)

Copy constructor.

Parameters

[in]

p

Definition at line 53 of file LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction.cc.

References liquidBridgeVolume_, and wasInContact_.

    : BaseInteraction(p)
{
    liquidBridgeVolume_ = p.liquidBridgeVolume_;
    wasInContact_ = p.wasInContact_;
#ifdef DEBUG_CONSTRUCTOR
    std::cout << "LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction::LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction(const LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction &p finished" << std::endl;
#endif
}

LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction::~LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction ( )

virtual

Destructor.

Definition at line 66 of file LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction.cc.

{
#ifdef DEBUG_DESTRUCTOR
    std::cout << "LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction::~LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction() finished" << std::endl;
#endif
}

Member Function Documentation

void LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction::actionsAfterTimeStep ( )

virtual

test if particle needs to be ruptured

Reimplemented from BaseInteraction.

Definition at line 126 of file LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction.cc.

References form(), BaseInteraction::getOverlap(), getRuptureDistance(), rupture(), and wasInContact_.

{
    if (wasInContact_)
    {
        if (-getOverlap() >= getRuptureDistance())
        {
            rupture();
        }
    } else {
        if (getOverlap() >= 0)
        {
            form();
        }
    }
}

void LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction::actionsOnErase ( )

virtual

If an interaction needs to do something before it gets erased, add it here. E.g. Liquid bridges rupture at the end of their lifetime, and the liquid bridge volume has to be redistributed. The reason this action is not done in the destructor is that this action should not be taken when erasing ghost interactions.

Reimplemented from BaseInteraction.

Definition at line 73 of file LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction.cc.

References rupture().

{    
    rupture();
};

void LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction::addLiquidBridgeVolume

(

Mdouble

liquidBridgeVolume

)

Definition at line 482 of file LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction.cc.

References liquidBridgeVolume_.

Referenced by rupture().

{
    liquidBridgeVolume_ += liquidBridgeVolume;
}

void LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction::computeAdhesionForce

(

)

Computes the adhesive forces for liquid bridge Willet type of interaction.

Definition at line 101 of file LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction.cc.

References BaseInteraction::addForce(), mathsFunc::cos(), LiquidMigrationWilletSpecies::getContactAngle(), BaseInteraction::getEffectiveRadius(), getLiquidBridgeVolume(), BaseInteraction::getNormal(), BaseInteraction::getOverlap(), getSpecies(), LiquidMigrationWilletSpecies::getSurfaceTension(), constants::pi, and wasInContact_.

{
    // Adding no capillary force for liquid bridge volume = 0
    if (getLiquidBridgeVolume() == 0) return;

    if (getOverlap() >= 0)
    {
        // if particles are in contact
        const LiquidMigrationWilletSpecies* species = getSpecies();
        const Mdouble effectiveRadius = 2.0*getEffectiveRadius();
        const Mdouble fdotn = -2.0 * constants::pi * effectiveRadius * species->getSurfaceTension()
                              * std::cos(species->getContactAngle());
        addForce(getNormal() * fdotn);
    } else if (wasInContact_) {
        // if particles are not in contact, but within their interaction distance
        const LiquidMigrationWilletSpecies* species = getSpecies();
        const Mdouble effectiveRadius = 2.0*getEffectiveRadius();
        const Mdouble s_c = -getOverlap() * std::sqrt(effectiveRadius / getLiquidBridgeVolume());
        const Mdouble fdotn = -2.0 * constants::pi * effectiveRadius * species->getSurfaceTension()
                              * std::cos(species->getContactAngle()) / (1 + (1.05 + 2.5 * s_c) * s_c);
        addForce(getNormal() * fdotn);
    }
}

void LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction::form

(

)

Todo:

: maybe we need to check ghost particles?

Definition at line 142 of file LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction.cc.

References LiquidFilmParticle::addLiquidVolume(), BaseInteraction::getI(), BaseObject::getIndex(), LiquidMigrationWilletSpecies::getLiquidBridgeVolumeMax(), LiquidFilmParticle::getLiquidVolume(), BaseInteraction::getP(), BaseParticle::getPeriodicFromParticle(), getSpecies(), liquidBridgeVolume_, LiquidFilmParticle::setLiquidVolume(), and wasInContact_.

Referenced by actionsAfterTimeStep().

{
    //form a bridge 
    //todo: extend to neighbours

    wasInContact_ = true;
    const LiquidMigrationWilletSpecies* species = getSpecies();
    LiquidFilmParticle* IParticle = dynamic_cast<LiquidFilmParticle*>(getI());
    LiquidFilmParticle* PParticle = dynamic_cast<LiquidFilmParticle*>(getP());
    if (IParticle == 0) //if I is a wall
    {
        //consider max bridge volume and add the rest to particles
        if (PParticle->getLiquidVolume() <= species->getLiquidBridgeVolumeMax())
        {
            liquidBridgeVolume_ = PParticle->getLiquidVolume();
            PParticle->setLiquidVolume(0.0);
        }
        else
        {
            liquidBridgeVolume_ = species->getLiquidBridgeVolumeMax();
            PParticle->setLiquidVolume(PParticle->getLiquidVolume() - species->getLiquidBridgeVolumeMax());
        }
    }
    else if (PParticle == 0) //if P is a wall
    {
        //consider max bridge volume and add the rest to particles
        if (IParticle->getLiquidVolume() <= species->getLiquidBridgeVolumeMax())
        {
            liquidBridgeVolume_ = IParticle->getLiquidVolume();
            IParticle->setLiquidVolume(0.0);
        }
        else
        {
            liquidBridgeVolume_ = species->getLiquidBridgeVolumeMax();
            IParticle->setLiquidVolume(IParticle->getLiquidVolume() - species->getLiquidBridgeVolumeMax());
        }
    }
    else //if P and I are particles
    {
        //if I is a ghost particle, apply volume change only to real particles (this removes the possibility that contacts are established only on one side of the periodic boundary; the same problem could exist for ruptures!)
        LiquidFilmParticle* IParticleReal;
        if (IParticle->getPeriodicFromParticle())
        {
            IParticleReal = dynamic_cast<LiquidFilmParticle*>(IParticle->getPeriodicFromParticle());
        } else {
            IParticleReal = IParticle;
        }

        Mdouble distributableLiquidVolume =
            PParticle->getLiquidVolume() + IParticleReal->getLiquidVolume();
        //assign all liquid of the contacting particles to the bridge, 
        //if the total volume does not exceed LiquidBridgeVolumeMax
        if (distributableLiquidVolume <= 0)
        {
            return;
        }
        else if (distributableLiquidVolume <= species->getLiquidBridgeVolumeMax())
        {
            liquidBridgeVolume_ = distributableLiquidVolume;
            if (!IParticle->getPeriodicFromParticle() || PParticle->getIndex()<IParticle->getPeriodicFromParticle()->getIndex())
            {
                PParticle->setLiquidVolume(0.0);
                IParticleReal->setLiquidVolume(0.0);
            }
        }
        else //if the total volume exceeds LiquidBridgeVolumeMax, only distribute the max value
        {
            liquidBridgeVolume_ = species->getLiquidBridgeVolumeMax();
            Mdouble pFraction =
                PParticle->getLiquidVolume() / distributableLiquidVolume;
            if (!IParticle->getPeriodicFromParticle() || PParticle->getIndex()<IParticle->getPeriodicFromParticle()->getIndex())
            {
                PParticle->addLiquidVolume(-pFraction * species->getLiquidBridgeVolumeMax());
                IParticleReal->addLiquidVolume(-(1.0 - pFraction) * species->getLiquidBridgeVolumeMax());
            }
        }
    }
}

std::string LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction::getBaseName

(

)

const

Returns the name of the interaction, see Interaction.h.

Returns

std::string

Definition at line 467 of file LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction.cc.

{
    return "LiquidMigrationWillet";
}

Mdouble LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction::getElasticEnergy ( ) const

virtual

Returns the amount of Elastic energy involved in an interaction. Basically used in case you want to write the elastic energy into an output file.

Returns

Mdouble

Todo:

TW

Reimplemented from BaseInteraction.

Definition at line 450 of file LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction.cc.

{
    return 0.0;
}

std::vector< Mdouble > LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction::getFieldVTK ( unsigned  i ) const

overridevirtual

Reimplemented from BaseInteraction.

Definition at line 516 of file LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction.cc.

References liquidBridgeVolume_.

                                                                                 {
    return std::vector<Mdouble>(1, cbrt(liquidBridgeVolume_));
}

Mdouble LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction::getLiquidBridgeVolume

(

)

const

Definition at line 472 of file LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction.cc.

References liquidBridgeVolume_.

Referenced by computeAdhesionForce(), getNumberOfContacts(), and rupture().

{
    return liquidBridgeVolume_;
}

std::string LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction::getNameVTK ( unsigned  i ) const

overridevirtual

Reimplemented from BaseInteraction.

Definition at line 511 of file LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction.cc.

                                                                       {
    return "liquidBridgeRadius";

}

int LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction::getNumberOfContacts

(

BaseInteractable *

interactable

)

Definition at line 222 of file LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction.cc.

References BaseInteractable::getInteractions(), and getLiquidBridgeVolume().

Referenced by rupture().

{
    int numContacts = 0;
       for (auto i : interactable->getInteractions())
       {
           LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction* j = dynamic_cast<LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction*>(i);
           LiquidFilmParticle* jIParticle = dynamic_cast<LiquidFilmParticle*>(i->getI());
           if (j != this && jIParticle != nullptr && j->getLiquidBridgeVolume() != 0.0)
               numContacts++;
       }
    return numContacts;
}

unsigned LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction::getNumberOfFieldsVTK ( ) const

overridevirtual

writes extra information to the VTK output

Reimplemented from BaseInteraction.

Definition at line 503 of file LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction.cc.

                                                                      {
    return 1;
}

Mdouble LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction::getRuptureDistance

(

)

Definition at line 497 of file LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction.cc.

References LiquidMigrationWilletSpecies::getContactAngle(), getSpecies(), and liquidBridgeVolume_.

Referenced by actionsAfterTimeStep().

{
    const LiquidMigrationWilletSpecies* species = getSpecies();
    return (1.0 + 0.5 * species->getContactAngle())*cbrt(liquidBridgeVolume_);
}

const LiquidMigrationWilletSpecies * LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction::getSpecies

(

)

const

A dynamic_cast of BaseSpecies type pointer to a pointer of type LiquidMigrationWilletSpecies.

Returns

const LiquidMigrationWilletSpecies*

Definition at line 459 of file LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction.cc.

References BaseInteraction::getBaseSpecies().

Referenced by computeAdhesionForce(), form(), getRuptureDistance(), and rupture().

{
    return dynamic_cast<const LiquidMigrationWilletSpecies *>(getBaseSpecies());
}

std::string LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction::getTypeVTK ( unsigned  i ) const

overridevirtual

Reimplemented from BaseInteraction.

Definition at line 507 of file LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction.cc.

                                                                       {
    return "Float32";
}

bool LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction::getWasInContact

(

)

const

Definition at line 487 of file LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction.cc.

References wasInContact_.

{
    return wasInContact_;
}

void LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction::read ( std::istream &  is )

virtual

Interaction read function, which accepts an std::istream as input.

Parameters

[in,out]

is

Reimplemented from BaseInteraction.

Definition at line 91 of file LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction.cc.

References liquidBridgeVolume_, and wasInContact_.

{
    std::string dummy;
    is >> dummy >> wasInContact_;
    is >> dummy >> liquidBridgeVolume_;
}

void LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction::rupture

(

)

Definition at line 235 of file LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction.cc.

References addLiquidBridgeVolume(), LiquidFilmParticle::addLiquidVolume(), LiquidMigrationWilletSpecies::getDistributionCoefficient(), BaseHandler< T >::getDPMBase(), BaseInteraction::getHandler(), BaseInteraction::getI(), BaseInteractable::getInteractions(), getLiquidBridgeVolume(), LiquidMigrationWilletSpecies::getLiquidBridgeVolumeMax(), LiquidFilmParticle::getLiquidVolume(), getNumberOfContacts(), BaseInteraction::getP(), getSpecies(), liquidBridgeVolume_, DPMBase::particleHandler, setLiquidBridgeVolume(), LiquidFilmParticle::setLiquidVolume(), and wasInContact_.

Referenced by actionsAfterTimeStep(), and actionsOnErase().

{
    // remove the contact history
    wasInContact_ = false;

    //if the bridge is already empty, do nothing
    if (getLiquidBridgeVolume() == 0.0)
        return;

    //logger(INFO,"rupture % cp % p % i %",getIndex(),getContactPoint(),getP()->getIndex(),getI()->getIndex());

    //else rupture a bridge 
    const LiquidMigrationWilletSpecies* species = getSpecies();
    LiquidFilmParticle* IParticle = dynamic_cast<LiquidFilmParticle*>(getI());
    LiquidFilmParticle* PParticle = dynamic_cast<LiquidFilmParticle*>(getP());
    if (IParticle == 0) //if I is a wall
    {
        int numContactsP = 0;
        for (auto i : getP()->getInteractions())
        {
            LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction* j = dynamic_cast<LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction*>(i);
            if (j != this && j != nullptr && j->getLiquidBridgeVolume() != 0.0)
            {
                numContactsP++;
            }

        }
        if (numContactsP > 0)
        {
            // Updating new volume with distribution less than critical volume
            Mdouble ExcessBridgeVolume = 0.0;            
            Mdouble newVolume = liquidBridgeVolume_ *species->getDistributionCoefficient()/ (numContactsP);

            for (auto i : getP()->getInteractions())
            {
                LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction* j =
                    dynamic_cast<LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction*>(i);
                if (j != this && j != nullptr && j->getLiquidBridgeVolume() != 0.0)
                {
                    j->setLiquidBridgeVolume(
                                             j->getLiquidBridgeVolume() + newVolume);
                    if (j->getLiquidBridgeVolume() >=
                        species->getLiquidBridgeVolumeMax())
                    {
                        ExcessBridgeVolume +=
                            j->getLiquidBridgeVolume()
                            - species->getLiquidBridgeVolumeMax();
                        j->setLiquidBridgeVolume(
                                                 species->getLiquidBridgeVolumeMax());
                    }
                }
            }
            PParticle->setLiquidVolume(
                                       PParticle->getLiquidVolume() + ExcessBridgeVolume + liquidBridgeVolume_ *(1-species->getDistributionCoefficient()));
            
            setLiquidBridgeVolume(0.0);
        }
        else
        {
            PParticle->setLiquidVolume(PParticle->getLiquidVolume() + liquidBridgeVolume_);
        }
        liquidBridgeVolume_ = 0.0;
        for (auto i : *getHandler())
        {
            LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction* j =
                dynamic_cast<LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction*>(i);
        }
        for (auto i : getHandler()->getDPMBase()->particleHandler)
        {
            LiquidFilmParticle* j = dynamic_cast<LiquidFilmParticle*>(i);
        }
    }
    else if (PParticle == 0) //if P is a wall
    {
        int numContactsI = 0;
        for (auto i : getI()->getInteractions())
        {
            LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction* j =
                dynamic_cast<LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction*>(i);
            if (j != this && j != nullptr && j->getLiquidBridgeVolume() != 0.0)
                numContactsI++;
        }
        if (numContactsI > 0)
        {
            // Updating new volume with distribution less than critical volume
            Mdouble ExcessBridgeVolume = 0.0;
            Mdouble newVolume = liquidBridgeVolume_*species->getDistributionCoefficient() / (numContactsI);
            for (auto i : getI()->getInteractions())
            {
                LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction* j =
                    dynamic_cast<LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction*>(i);
                if (j != this && j != nullptr && j->getLiquidBridgeVolume() != 0.0)
                {
                    j->setLiquidBridgeVolume(
                                             j->getLiquidBridgeVolume() + newVolume);
                    if (j->getLiquidBridgeVolume() >=
                        species->getLiquidBridgeVolumeMax())
                    {
                        ExcessBridgeVolume += j->getLiquidBridgeVolume()
                            - species->getLiquidBridgeVolumeMax();
                        j->setLiquidBridgeVolume(species->getLiquidBridgeVolumeMax());
                    }
                }
            }
            IParticle->setLiquidVolume(IParticle->getLiquidVolume() + ExcessBridgeVolume  + liquidBridgeVolume_ *(1-species->getDistributionCoefficient()));

            setLiquidBridgeVolume(0.0);
        }
        else
        {
            IParticle->setLiquidVolume(IParticle->getLiquidVolume() + liquidBridgeVolume_);
        }
        liquidBridgeVolume_ = 0.0;
    }
    else //if P and I are particles
    {
        //count interaction partners of p (this contact, ghosts and interaction without liquid bridge dont count)
        int numContactsP = getNumberOfContacts(getP());
        if (numContactsP < 1) //if P has only one contact (the one that gets ruptured), pass the fluid into it)        
        {
            PParticle->addLiquidVolume(0.5 * liquidBridgeVolume_);
        }
        else //if P has only multiple contacts pass the fluid into it)
        {
            // move fluid to neighbouring contacts
            Mdouble perContactVolume = 0.5 * liquidBridgeVolume_*species->getDistributionCoefficient() / numContactsP;
            for (auto i : getP()->getInteractions())
            {
                LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction* j =
                    dynamic_cast<LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction*>(i);
                LiquidFilmParticle* jIParticle =
                    dynamic_cast<LiquidFilmParticle*>(i->getI());
                if (j != this && jIParticle != nullptr && j->getLiquidBridgeVolume() != 0.0)
                {
                    Mdouble excessVolume = perContactVolume - (species->getLiquidBridgeVolumeMax() - j->getLiquidBridgeVolume());
                    if (excessVolume < 0.0)
                    {
                        j->addLiquidBridgeVolume(perContactVolume);
                        PParticle->addLiquidVolume(0.5 * liquidBridgeVolume_*(1-species->getDistributionCoefficient()) / numContactsP);    
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        j->setLiquidBridgeVolume(species->getLiquidBridgeVolumeMax());
                        PParticle->addLiquidVolume(excessVolume);
                        PParticle->addLiquidVolume(0.5 * liquidBridgeVolume_*(1-species->getDistributionCoefficient()) / numContactsP);
                    }                    
                }
            }
            Mdouble PParticle_fin = PParticle->getLiquidVolume();
            
        }

        //count interaction partners of i (ghosts and interaction without liquid bridge dont count)
        int numContactsI = getNumberOfContacts(getI());
        if (numContactsI < 1)
        {
            IParticle->addLiquidVolume(0.5 * liquidBridgeVolume_);
            //std::cout << "added " << 0.5 * liquidBridgeVolume_ 
             //   << " to particle #" << IParticle->getIndex() 
              //<< ", V=" << IParticle->getLiquidVolume() << std::endl;
        }
        else
        {
            // move fluid to neighbouring contacts
            Mdouble perContactVolume = 0.5 * liquidBridgeVolume_*species->getDistributionCoefficient() / (numContactsI);
            for (BaseInteraction* i : getI()->getInteractions())
            {
                LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction* j = dynamic_cast<LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction*>(i);
                LiquidFilmParticle* jIParticle = dynamic_cast<LiquidFilmParticle*>(i->getI());
                if (j != this && jIParticle != nullptr && j->getLiquidBridgeVolume() != 0.0)
                {
                    Mdouble excessVolume =
                        perContactVolume
                        - species->getLiquidBridgeVolumeMax()
                        + j->getLiquidBridgeVolume();
                    if (excessVolume < 0.0)
                    {
                        j->addLiquidBridgeVolume(perContactVolume);
                        IParticle->addLiquidVolume(0.5 * liquidBridgeVolume_*(1-species->getDistributionCoefficient()) / (numContactsI));
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        //std::cout << "excess i-Volume " << excessVolume << std::endl;
                        j->setLiquidBridgeVolume(species->getLiquidBridgeVolumeMax());
                        IParticle->addLiquidVolume(excessVolume);
                        IParticle->addLiquidVolume(0.5 * liquidBridgeVolume_*(1-species->getDistributionCoefficient()) / (numContactsI));
                    }
                   //~ std::cout << "added " << perContactVolume 
                      //~ << " to i-contact #" << j->getIndex() 
                        //~ << ", V=" << j->getLiquidBridgeVolume() << std::endl;
                }
            }
        }

        //~ std::cout << "ruptured liquid bridge #" << getId()
            //~ << " between particles #"
            //~ << PParticle->getIndex()
            //~ << " and #"
            //~ << IParticle->getIndex()
            //~ << ": V" << liquidBridgeVolume_
            //~ << " -> Vp" << PParticle->getLiquidVolume()
            //~ << " Vi" << IParticle->getLiquidVolume()
            //~ << " Np" << numContactsP
            //~ << " Ni" << numContactsI
            //~ << std::endl;

        //to balance the added volume, remove the liquid from the bridge
        liquidBridgeVolume_ = 0.0;

    }
}

void LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction::setLiquidBridgeVolume

(

Mdouble

liquidBridgeVolume

)

Definition at line 477 of file LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction.cc.

References liquidBridgeVolume_.

Referenced by rupture().

{
    liquidBridgeVolume_ = liquidBridgeVolume;
}

void LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction::setWasInContact

(

bool

wasInContact

)

Definition at line 492 of file LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction.cc.

References wasInContact_.

{
    wasInContact_ = wasInContact;
}

void LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction::write ( std::ostream &  os ) const

virtual

Interaction print function, which accepts an std::ostream as input.

Parameters

[in,out]

os

Reimplemented from BaseInteraction.

Definition at line 81 of file LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction.cc.

References liquidBridgeVolume_, and wasInContact_.

{
    os
        << " wasInContact " << wasInContact_
        << " liquidBridgeVolume " << liquidBridgeVolume_;
}

Member Data Documentation

Mdouble LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction::liquidBridgeVolume_

private

Definition at line 125 of file LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction.h.

Referenced by addLiquidBridgeVolume(), form(), getFieldVTK(), getLiquidBridgeVolume(), getRuptureDistance(), LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction(), read(), rupture(), setLiquidBridgeVolume(), and write().

bool LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction::wasInContact_

private

A history parameter to store if the particles were in contact or not. Useful to compute adhesive forces.

Definition at line 123 of file LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction.h.

Referenced by actionsAfterTimeStep(), computeAdhesionForce(), form(), getWasInContact(), LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction(), read(), rupture(), setWasInContact(), and write().

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The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:

• Interactions/AdhesiveForceInteractions/LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction.h
• Interactions/AdhesiveForceInteractions/LiquidMigrationWilletInteraction.cc