SinterNormalSpecies contains the parameters used to describe a plastic-cohesive normal force (Stefan Ludings plastic-cohesive force model). More...

#include <SinterNormalSpecies.h>

Inheritance diagram for SinterNormalSpecies:

Public Types
typedef SinterInteraction	InteractionType
	The correct Interaction type for this FrictionForceSpecies. More...

Public Member Functions
	SinterNormalSpecies ()
	The default constructor. More...

	SinterNormalSpecies (const SinterNormalSpecies &p)
	The default copy constructor. More...

virtual	~SinterNormalSpecies ()
	The default destructor. More...

void	read (std::istream &is)
	Reads the species properties from an input stream. More...

void	write (std::ostream &os) const
	Writes the species properties to an output stream. More...

std::string	getBaseName () const
	Used in Species::getName to obtain a unique name for each Species. More...

void	mix (SinterNormalSpecies const S, SinterNormalSpecies const T)
	creates default values for mixed species More...

void	setCollisionTimeAndRestitutionCoefficient (Mdouble tc, Mdouble eps, Mdouble mass)
	Set k, disp such that is matches a given tc and eps for a collision of two different masses. More...

void	setStiffnessAndRestitutionCoefficient (Mdouble k_, Mdouble eps, Mdouble mass)
	Sets k, disp such that it matches a given tc and eps for a collision of two copies of P. More...

Mdouble	getCollisionTime (Mdouble mass)
	Calculates collision time for two copies of a particle of given disp, k, mass. More...

void	setPlasticParameters (Mdouble loadingStiffness, Mdouble unloadingStiffnessMax, Mdouble cohesionStiffness, Mdouble penetrationDepthMax)
	Sets all parameters of the linear plastic-viscoelastic normal force at once. More...

Mdouble	getLoadingStiffness () const
	Returns the loading stiffness of the linear plastic-viscoelastic normal force. More...

Mdouble	getUnloadingStiffnessMax () const
	Returns the maximum unloading stiffness of the linear plastic-viscoelastic normal force. More...

Mdouble	getCohesionStiffness () const
	Returns the cohesive stiffness of the linear plastic-viscoelastic normal force. More...

Mdouble	getPenetrationDepthMax () const
	Returns the maximum penetration depth of the linear plastic-viscoelastic normal force. More...

void	setLoadingStiffness (Mdouble loadingStiffness)
	Sets the loading stiffness of the linear plastic-viscoelastic normal force. More...

void	setUnloadingStiffnessMax (Mdouble unloadingStiffnessMax)
	Sets the maximum unloading stiffness of the linear plastic-viscoelastic normal force. More...

void	setCohesionStiffness (Mdouble cohesionStiffness)
	Sets the cohesive stiffness of the linear plastic-viscoelastic normal force. More...

void	setPenetrationDepthMax (Mdouble penetrationDepthMax)
	Sets the maximum penetration depth of the linear plastic-viscoelastic normal force. More...

void	setDissipation (Mdouble dissipation)
	Sets the linear dissipation coefficient of the linear plastic-viscoelastic normal force. More...

Mdouble	getDissipation () const
	Allows the normal dissipation to be accessed. More...

void	setSinterAdhesion (Mdouble sinterAdhesion)
	Sets sinterAdhesion_. More...

Mdouble	getSinterAdhesion () const
	Accesses sinterAdhesion_. More...

void	setInverseSinterViscosity (Mdouble inverseSinterViscosity)
	Sets inverseSinterViscosity_. More...

Mdouble	getInverseSinterViscosity () const
	Accesses inverseSinterViscosity_. More...

MERCURY_DEPRECATED void	setLoadingStiffnessAndDissipation (helpers::KAndDisp new_)
	Allows the spring and dissipation constants to be changed simultaneously. More...

Mdouble	computeTimeStep (Mdouble mass)
	Returns the optimal time step to resolve a collision of two particles of a given mass. More...

void	setSinterForceAndTime (Mdouble adhesionForce, Mdouble sinterTime, Mdouble radius)

void	setParhamiMcKeeping (Mdouble alpha, Mdouble beta, Mdouble atomicVolume, Mdouble surfaceEnergy, Mdouble thicknessDiffusion, Mdouble activationEnergy, Mdouble temperature)
	Sets the sinterAdhesion_ and inverseSinterViscosity_ based on the Parhami-McKeeping parameters. More...

void	setSinterRate (Mdouble sinterRate)
	Sets sinterRate_. More...

void	setSinterType (SINTERTYPE sinterType)
	Sets sinterRate_. More...

Mdouble	getSinterRate () const
	Accesses sinterRate_. More...

SINTERTYPE	getSinterType () const

std::function< double(double temperature)>	getTemperatureDependentSinterRate () const

double	getTemperatureDependentSinterRate (double temperature) const

void	setTemperatureDependentSinterRate (std::function< double(double temperature)> temperatureDependentSinterRate)

Public Member Functions inherited from BaseSpecies
	BaseSpecies ()
	The default constructor. More...

	BaseSpecies (const BaseSpecies &p)
	The copy constructor. More...

virtual	~BaseSpecies ()
	The default destructor. More...

virtual BaseSpecies *	copy () const =0
	Creates a deep copy of the object from which it is called. More...

void	setHandler (SpeciesHandler *handler)
	Sets the pointer to the handler to which this species belongs. More...

SpeciesHandler *	getHandler () const
	Returns the pointer to the handler to which this species belongs. More...

Mdouble	average (Mdouble a, Mdouble b)
	defines the average of two variables by the harmonic mean. More...

virtual void	mixAll (BaseSpecies const S, BaseSpecies const T)=0
	creates default values for mixed species More...

virtual Mdouble	getInteractionDistance () const =0
	returns the largest separation distance at which adhesive short-range forces can occur. More...

virtual bool	getUseAngularDOFs () const =0
	Returns true if torques (i.e. angular degrees of freedom) have to be calculated. More...

virtual BaseInteraction *	getNewInteraction (BaseInteractable P, BaseInteractable I, Mdouble timeStamp) const =0
	returns new Interaction object. More...

Public Member Functions inherited from BaseObject
	BaseObject ()
	Default constructor. More...

	BaseObject (const BaseObject &p)
	Copy constructor, copies all the objects BaseObject contains. More...

virtual	~BaseObject ()
	virtual destructor More...

virtual std::string	getName () const =0
	A purely virtual function. More...

virtual void	moveInHandler (const unsigned int index)
	Except that it is virtual, it does the same thing as setIndex() does. More...

void	setIndex (const unsigned int index)
	Allows one to assign an index to an object in the handler/container. More...

void	setId (const unsigned int id)
	Assigns a unique identifier to each object in the handler (container) which remains constant even after the object is deleted from the container/handler. More...

unsigned int	getIndex () const
	Returns the index of the object in the handler. More...

unsigned int	getId () const
	Returns the unique identifier of any particular object. More...

Private Attributes
Mdouble	loadingStiffness_
	(normal) spring constant (k_1) More...

Mdouble	unloadingStiffnessMax_
	the maximum elastic constant (k_2^max) for plastic deformations More...

Mdouble	cohesionStiffness_
	the adhesive spring constant (k^c) for plastic deformations More...

Mdouble	penetrationDepthMax_
	the depth (relative to the normalized radius) at which k_2^max is used (phi_f) More...

Mdouble	dissipation_
	linear dissipation coefficient More...

Mdouble	sinterAdhesion_

Mdouble	inverseSinterViscosity_

Mdouble	sinterRate_

SINTERTYPE	sinterType_
	sinterType options determin how the rate of sintering, d(equilibriumOverlap)/dt is computed PARHAMI_MCKEEPING: sinter rate given by (sinterAdhesion+normalForce)/sinterViscosity CONSTANT_RATE: sinter rate given by sinterRate More...

std::function< double(double temperature)>	temperatureDependentSinterRate_ = [this] (double temperature) {return sinterRate_;}

Detailed Description

SinterNormalSpecies contains the parameters used to describe a plastic-cohesive normal force (Stefan Ludings plastic-cohesive force model).

See SinterNormalInteraction::computeForce for a description of the force law.

Definition at line 42 of file SinterNormalSpecies.h.

Member Typedef Documentation

typedef SinterInteraction SinterNormalSpecies::InteractionType

The correct Interaction type for this FrictionForceSpecies.

Definition at line 46 of file SinterNormalSpecies.h.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

SinterNormalSpecies::SinterNormalSpecies ( )

The default constructor.

Definition at line 33 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

References cohesionStiffness_, dissipation_, inverseSinterViscosity_, loadingStiffness_, PARHAMI_MCKEEPING, penetrationDepthMax_, sinterAdhesion_, sinterRate_, sinterType_, and unloadingStiffnessMax_.

 {
     sinterType_ = SINTERTYPE::PARHAMI_MCKEEPING;
     loadingStiffness_ = 0.0;
     unloadingStiffnessMax_ = 0.0;
     cohesionStiffness_ = 0.0;
     penetrationDepthMax_ = 0.0;
     dissipation_ = 0.0;
     sinterAdhesion_ = 0.0;
     sinterRate_ = 0.0;
     inverseSinterViscosity_ = 0.0;
 #ifdef DEBUG_CONSTRUCTOR
     std::cout<<"SinterNormalSpecies::SinterNormalSpecies() finished"<<std::endl;
 #endif
 }

SinterNormalSpecies::SinterNormalSpecies ( const SinterNormalSpecies & p )

The default copy constructor.

Parameters

[in] the species that is copied

Definition at line 52 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

References cohesionStiffness_, dissipation_, inverseSinterViscosity_, loadingStiffness_, penetrationDepthMax_, sinterAdhesion_, sinterRate_, sinterType_, and unloadingStiffnessMax_.

 {
     sinterType_ = p.sinterType_;
     loadingStiffness_ = p.loadingStiffness_;
     unloadingStiffnessMax_ = p.unloadingStiffnessMax_;
     cohesionStiffness_ = p.cohesionStiffness_;
     penetrationDepthMax_ = p.penetrationDepthMax_;
     dissipation_ = p.dissipation_;
     sinterAdhesion_ = p.sinterAdhesion_;
     inverseSinterViscosity_ = p.inverseSinterViscosity_;
     sinterRate_ = p.sinterRate_;
 #ifdef DEBUG_CONSTRUCTOR
     std::cout<<"SinterNormalSpecies::SinterNormalSpecies(const SinterNormalSpecies &p) finished"<<std::endl;
 #endif
 }

SinterNormalSpecies::~SinterNormalSpecies ( )

virtual

The default destructor.

Definition at line 68 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

 {
 #ifdef DEBUG_DESTRUCTOR
     std::cout<<"SinterNormalSpecies::~SinterNormalSpecies() finished"<<std::endl;
 #endif   
 }

Member Function Documentation

Mdouble SinterNormalSpecies::computeTimeStep ( Mdouble mass )

Returns the optimal time step to resolve a collision of two particles of a given mass.

Calculates collision time for stiffest spring constant, divides by 50

Parameters

[in] mass the optimal time step is computed to resolve a collision of two particles of this mass.

Definition at line 221 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

References dissipation_, constants::pi, mathsFunc::square(), and unloadingStiffnessMax_.

 {
     if (unloadingStiffnessMax_ / (.5 * mass) < mathsFunc::square(dissipation_ /mass)) {
         std::cerr << "Dissipation too high; max. allowed " << sqrt(2.0 * unloadingStiffnessMax_ * mass) << std::endl;
         exit(-1);
     }
     return 0.02 * constants::pi / std::sqrt(unloadingStiffnessMax_ / (.5 * mass) - mathsFunc::square(dissipation_ /mass));
 }

std::string SinterNormalSpecies::getBaseName ( ) const

Used in Species::getName to obtain a unique name for each Species.

Returns: a string containing the name of the species (minus the word "Species")

Definition at line 113 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

 {
     return "Sinter";
 }

Mdouble SinterNormalSpecies::getCohesionStiffness ( ) const

Returns the cohesive stiffness of the linear plastic-viscoelastic normal force.

Returns: the cohesive stiffness of the linear plastic-viscoelastic normal force.

Definition at line 172 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

References cohesionStiffness_.

Referenced by SinterInteraction::computeNormalForce(), and mix().

 {
     return cohesionStiffness_;
 }

Mdouble SinterNormalSpecies::getCollisionTime ( Mdouble mass )

Calculates collision time for two copies of a particle of given disp, k, mass.

Definition at line 427 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

References dissipation_, loadingStiffness_, constants::pi, and mathsFunc::square().

 {
     if (mass <= 0)
     {
         std::cerr << "Error in getCollisionTime(" << mass << ") mass is not set or has an unexpected value, (getCollisionTime(" << mass << "))" << std::endl;
         exit(-1);
     }
     if (loadingStiffness_ <= 0)
     {
         std::cerr << "Error in getCollisionTime(" << mass << ") stiffness=" << loadingStiffness_ << " is not set or has an unexpected value, (getCollisionTime(" << mass << "), with stiffness=" << loadingStiffness_ << ")" << std::endl;
         exit(-1);
     }
     if (dissipation_ < 0)
     {
         std::cerr << "Error in getCollisionTime(" << mass << ") dissipation=" << dissipation_ << " is not set or has an unexpected value, (getCollisionTime(" << mass << "), with dissipation=" << dissipation_ << ")" << std::endl;
         exit(-1);
     }
     Mdouble tosqrt = loadingStiffness_ / (.5 * mass) - mathsFunc::square(dissipation_ / mass);
     if (tosqrt <= -1e-8*loadingStiffness_ / (.5 * mass))
     {
         std::cerr << "Error in getCollisionTime(" << mass << ") values for mass, stiffness and dissipation would lead to an overdamped system, (getCollisionTime(" << mass << "), with stiffness=" << loadingStiffness_ << " and dissipation=" << dissipation_ << ")" << std::endl;
         exit(-1);
     }
     return constants::pi / std::sqrt(tosqrt);
 }

Mdouble SinterNormalSpecies::getDissipation ( ) const

Allows the normal dissipation to be accessed.

Returns: the linear dissipation coefficient

Definition at line 343 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

References dissipation_.

Referenced by SinterInteraction::computeNormalForce(), and mix().

 {
     return dissipation_;
 }

Mdouble SinterNormalSpecies::getInverseSinterViscosity ( ) const

Accesses inverseSinterViscosity_.

Returns: value of inverseSinterViscosity_

Definition at line 358 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

References inverseSinterViscosity_.

Referenced by mix(), and setSinterForceAndTime().

 {
     return inverseSinterViscosity_;
 }

Mdouble SinterNormalSpecies::getLoadingStiffness ( ) const

Returns the loading stiffness of the linear plastic-viscoelastic normal force.

Returns: the loading stiffness of the linear plastic-viscoelastic normal force.

Definition at line 156 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

References loadingStiffness_.

Referenced by SinterInteraction::computeNormalForce(), SinterInteraction::getElasticEnergy(), SinterInteraction::getUnloadingStiffness(), and mix().

 {
     return loadingStiffness_;
 }

Mdouble SinterNormalSpecies::getPenetrationDepthMax ( ) const

Returns the maximum penetration depth of the linear plastic-viscoelastic normal force.

Returns: the maximum penetration depth of the linear plastic-viscoelastic normal force.

Definition at line 180 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

References penetrationDepthMax_.

Referenced by SinterInteraction::computeNormalForce(), SinterInteraction::getUnloadingStiffness(), and mix().

 {
     return penetrationDepthMax_;
 }

Mdouble SinterNormalSpecies::getSinterAdhesion ( ) const

Accesses sinterAdhesion_.

Returns: value of sinterAdhesion_

Definition at line 351 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

References sinterAdhesion_.

Referenced by SinterInteraction::computeNormalForce(), mix(), and setSinterForceAndTime().

 {
     return sinterAdhesion_;
 }

Mdouble SinterNormalSpecies::getSinterRate ( ) const

Accesses sinterRate_.

Returns: value of sinterAdhesion_

Definition at line 365 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

References sinterRate_.

Referenced by SinterInteraction::computeNormalForce().

 {
     return sinterRate_;
 }

SINTERTYPE SinterNormalSpecies::getSinterType ( ) const

Definition at line 369 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

References sinterType_.

Referenced by SinterInteraction::computeNormalForce().

 {
     return sinterType_;
 }

std::function< double(double temperature)> SinterNormalSpecies::getTemperatureDependentSinterRate ( ) const

Definition at line 379 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

References temperatureDependentSinterRate_.

Referenced by SinterInteraction::computeNormalForce().

 {
     return temperatureDependentSinterRate_;
 }

double SinterNormalSpecies::getTemperatureDependentSinterRate ( double temperature ) const

Definition at line 374 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

References temperatureDependentSinterRate_.

 {
     return temperatureDependentSinterRate_(temperature);
 }

Mdouble SinterNormalSpecies::getUnloadingStiffnessMax ( ) const

Returns the maximum unloading stiffness of the linear plastic-viscoelastic normal force.

Returns: the maximum unloading stiffness of the linear plastic-viscoelastic normal force.

Definition at line 164 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

References unloadingStiffnessMax_.

Referenced by SinterInteraction::computeNormalForce(), SinterInteraction::getUnloadingStiffness(), and mix().

 {
     return unloadingStiffnessMax_;
 }

void SinterNormalSpecies::mix	(	SinterNormalSpecies *const	S,
		SinterNormalSpecies *const	T
	)

creates default values for mixed species

For all parameters we assume that the harmonic mean of the parameters of the original two species is a sensible default.

Parameters

[in] S,T the two species whose properties are mixed to create the new species

Definition at line 123 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

References BaseSpecies::average(), cohesionStiffness_, dissipation_, getCohesionStiffness(), getDissipation(), getInverseSinterViscosity(), getLoadingStiffness(), getPenetrationDepthMax(), getSinterAdhesion(), getUnloadingStiffnessMax(), inverseSinterViscosity_, loadingStiffness_, penetrationDepthMax_, sinterAdhesion_, and unloadingStiffnessMax_.

 {
     loadingStiffness_ = average(S->getLoadingStiffness(), T->getLoadingStiffness());
     unloadingStiffnessMax_ = average(S->getUnloadingStiffnessMax(), T->getUnloadingStiffnessMax());
     cohesionStiffness_ = average(S->getCohesionStiffness(), T->getCohesionStiffness());
     penetrationDepthMax_ = average(S->getPenetrationDepthMax(), T->getPenetrationDepthMax());
     dissipation_ = average(S->getDissipation(), T->getDissipation());
     inverseSinterViscosity_ = average(S->getInverseSinterViscosity(), T->getInverseSinterViscosity());
     sinterAdhesion_ = average(S->getSinterAdhesion(), T->getSinterAdhesion());
 }

void SinterNormalSpecies::read ( std::istream & is )

virtual

Reads the species properties from an input stream.

Parameters

[in] is input stream (typically the restart file)

Implements BaseObject.

Definition at line 94 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

References cohesionStiffness_, dissipation_, inverseSinterViscosity_, loadingStiffness_, penetrationDepthMax_, sinterAdhesion_, sinterRate_, sinterType_, and unloadingStiffnessMax_.

 {
     std::string dummy;
     is >> dummy >> loadingStiffness_;
     is >> dummy >> unloadingStiffnessMax_;
     is >> dummy >> cohesionStiffness_;
     is >> dummy >> penetrationDepthMax_;
     is >> dummy >> dissipation_;
     is >> dummy >> sinterAdhesion_;
     is >> dummy >> inverseSinterViscosity_;
     is >> dummy >> sinterRate_;
     unsigned type;
     is >> dummy >> type;
     sinterType_ = (SINTERTYPE) type;
 }

void SinterNormalSpecies::setCohesionStiffness ( Mdouble cohesionStiffness )

Sets the cohesive stiffness of the linear plastic-viscoelastic normal force.

Parameters

[in] cohesionStiffness the cohesive stiffness of the linear plastic-viscoelastic normal force.

Definition at line 204 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

References cohesionStiffness_.

Referenced by setPlasticParameters().

 {
     cohesionStiffness_ = cohesionStiffness;
 }

void SinterNormalSpecies::setCollisionTimeAndRestitutionCoefficient	(	Mdouble	tc,
		Mdouble	eps,
		Mdouble	mass
	)

Set k, disp such that is matches a given tc and eps for a collision of two different masses.

Recall the resitution constant is a function of k, disp and the mass of each particle in the collision See also setCollisionTimeAndRestitutionCoefficient(Mdouble tc, Mdouble eps, Mdouble mass)

Sets k, disp such that it matches a given tc and eps for a collision of two copies of equal mass m

Parameters

[in]	tc	collision time
[in]	eps	restitution coefficient
[in]	mass	effective particle mass, $\frac{2}{1/m1+1/m2}$

Todo:: TW: check that the masses are described correctly here (m_eff or m_p?))

Definition at line 397 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

 {
     if (eps==0.0) {
         loadingStiffness_ = .5 * mass * mathsFunc::square(constants::pi / tc);
         dissipation_ = std::sqrt(2.0 * mass * loadingStiffness_);
     } else {
         dissipation_ = -mass / tc * std::log(eps);
         loadingStiffness_ = .5 * mass * (mathsFunc::square(constants::pi / tc) + mathsFunc::square(dissipation_ / mass));
     }
     unloadingStiffnessMax_ = loadingStiffness_;
 }

void SinterNormalSpecies::setDissipation ( Mdouble dissipation )

Sets the linear dissipation coefficient of the linear plastic-viscoelastic normal force.

should be non-negative

Parameters

[in] dissipation the linear dissipation coefficient of the linear plastic-viscoelastic normal force.

Definition at line 234 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

References dissipation_, ERROR, and logger.

Referenced by setLoadingStiffnessAndDissipation().

 {
     if (dissipation < 0)
     {
         logger(ERROR,"setDissipation(%)",dissipation);
         exit(-1);
     }
     dissipation_ = dissipation;
 }

void SinterNormalSpecies::setInverseSinterViscosity ( Mdouble inverseSinterViscosity )

Sets inverseSinterViscosity_.

should be non-negative

Parameters

[in] the linear dissipation coefficient of the linear plastic-viscoelastic normal force.

Definition at line 291 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

References ERROR, inverseSinterViscosity_, logger, PARHAMI_MCKEEPING, and setSinterType().

Referenced by setSinterForceAndTime().

 {
     //assertOrDie(inverseSinterViscosity < 0, "inverseSinterViscosity should be non-negative!");
     if (inverseSinterViscosity < 0)
     {
         logger(ERROR,"setInverseSinterViscosity(%)",inverseSinterViscosity);
     }
     setSinterType(SINTERTYPE::PARHAMI_MCKEEPING);
     inverseSinterViscosity_ = inverseSinterViscosity;
 }

void SinterNormalSpecies::setLoadingStiffness ( Mdouble loadingStiffness )

Sets the loading stiffness of the linear plastic-viscoelastic normal force.

Parameters

[in] loadingStiffness the loading stiffness of the linear plastic-viscoelastic normal force.

Definition at line 188 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

References loadingStiffness_.

Referenced by setLoadingStiffnessAndDissipation(), and setPlasticParameters().

 {
     loadingStiffness_ = loadingStiffness;
 }

void SinterNormalSpecies::setLoadingStiffnessAndDissipation ( helpers::KAndDisp new_ )

Allows the spring and dissipation constants to be changed simultaneously.

Parameters

[in] new_ a helper struct containing both the loading stiffness and the disssipation coefficient.

Definition at line 334 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

References helpers::KAndDisp::disp, helpers::KAndDisp::k, setDissipation(), and setLoadingStiffness().

 {
     setLoadingStiffness(new_.k);
     setDissipation(new_.disp);
 }

void SinterNormalSpecies::setParhamiMcKeeping	(	Mdouble	alpha,
		Mdouble	beta,
		Mdouble	atomicVolume,
		Mdouble	surfaceEnergy,
		Mdouble	thicknessDiffusion,
		Mdouble	activationEnergy,
		Mdouble	temperature
	)

Sets the sinterAdhesion_ and inverseSinterViscosity_ based on the Parhami-McKeeping parameters.

should be non-negative

Parameters

[in] the linear dissipation coefficient of the linear plastic-viscoelastic normal force.

Definition at line 317 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

References mathsFunc::exp(), INFO, logger, PARHAMI_MCKEEPING, and constants::pi.

 {
     setSinterType(SINTERTYPE::PARHAMI_MCKEEPING);
     const Mdouble boltzmannConstant /*k_B*/ = 1.38064852e-23;
     const Mdouble gasConstant /*R_g*/ = 8.314459848;
     const Mdouble thicknessDiffusionVacancy /*DB*/ = thicknessDiffusion*exp(-activationEnergy/gasConstant/temperature);
     const Mdouble diffusionParameter /*DeltaB*/ = atomicVolume/boltzmannConstant/temperature*thicknessDiffusionVacancy;
     setInverseSinterViscosity(constants::pi / (2.0 * beta * diffusionParameter));
     setSinterAdhesion(alpha/beta*constants::pi*surfaceEnergy);
     logger(INFO,"Set sintering parameters: the adhesion force f_a=%*r, the rate of change of the plastic overlap is d(delta0)/dt=f_ep/(%*a^4)", getSinterAdhesion(),
            getInverseSinterViscosity());
 }

void SinterNormalSpecies::setPenetrationDepthMax ( Mdouble penetrationDepthMax )

Sets the maximum penetration depth of the linear plastic-viscoelastic normal force.

Parameters

[in] penetrationDepthMax the maximum penetration depth of the linear plastic-viscoelastic normal force.

Definition at line 212 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

References penetrationDepthMax_.

Referenced by setPlasticParameters().

 {
     penetrationDepthMax_ = penetrationDepthMax;
 }

void SinterNormalSpecies::setPlasticParameters	(	Mdouble	loadingStiffness,
		Mdouble	unloadingStiffnessMax,
		Mdouble	cohesionStiffness,
		Mdouble	penetrationDepthMax
	)

Sets all parameters of the linear plastic-viscoelastic normal force at once.

Parameters

[in]	loadingStiffness	the loading stiffness of the linear plastic-viscoelastic normal force.
[in]	unloadingStiffnessMax	the maximum unloading stiffness of the linear plastic-viscoelastic normal force.
[in]	cohesionStiffness	the cohesive stiffness of the linear plastic-viscoelastic normal force.
[in]	penetrationDepthMax	the maximum penetration depth of the linear plastic-viscoelastic normal force.

Definition at line 140 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

References setCohesionStiffness(), setLoadingStiffness(), setPenetrationDepthMax(), and setUnloadingStiffnessMax().

 {
     if (loadingStiffness <= 0 || unloadingStiffnessMax < loadingStiffness || cohesionStiffness < 0 || penetrationDepthMax < 0)
     {
         std::cerr << "Error: arguments of setPlasticParameters do not make sense" << std::endl;
         exit(-1);
     }
     setLoadingStiffness(loadingStiffness);
     setUnloadingStiffnessMax(unloadingStiffnessMax);
     setCohesionStiffness(cohesionStiffness);
     setPenetrationDepthMax(penetrationDepthMax);
 }

void SinterNormalSpecies::setSinterAdhesion ( Mdouble sinterAdhesion )

Sets sinterAdhesion_.

should be non-negative

Parameters

[in] sinterAdhesion_

Definition at line 248 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

References ERROR, logger, and sinterAdhesion_.

Referenced by setSinterForceAndTime().

 {
     if (sinterAdhesion < 0)
     {
         logger(ERROR,"setSinterAdhesion(%)",sinterAdhesion);
         exit(-1);
     }
     sinterAdhesion_ = sinterAdhesion;
 }

void SinterNormalSpecies::setSinterForceAndTime	(	Mdouble	adhesionForce,
		Mdouble	sinterTime,
		Mdouble	radius
	)

Todo:: fix

Definition at line 302 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

References getInverseSinterViscosity(), getSinterAdhesion(), INFO, logger, PARHAMI_MCKEEPING, setInverseSinterViscosity(), setSinterAdhesion(), and sinterType_.

 {
     sinterType_ = SINTERTYPE::PARHAMI_MCKEEPING;
     setSinterAdhesion(adhesionForce/radius);
     setInverseSinterViscosity(1.0/(93.75 * adhesionForce * sinterTime / std::pow(radius, 5)));
     logger(INFO,"Set sintering parameters: adhesion force f_a=%*r,  sinter viscosity is nu = contactRadius^4/%",
            getSinterAdhesion(), getInverseSinterViscosity());
 }

void SinterNormalSpecies::setSinterRate ( Mdouble sinterRate )

Sets sinterRate_.

should be non-negative

Parameters

[in] sinterAdhesion_

Definition at line 261 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

References ERROR, logger, and sinterRate_.

 {
     if (sinterRate < 0)
     {
         logger(ERROR,"setSinterRate(%)",sinterRate);
     }
     sinterRate_ = sinterRate;
 }

void SinterNormalSpecies::setSinterType ( SINTERTYPE sinterType )

Sets sinterRate_.

should be non-negative

Parameters

[in] sinterAdhesion_

Definition at line 274 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

References CONSTANT_RATE, ERROR, INFO, logger, PARHAMI_MCKEEPING, sinterType_, and TEMPERATURE_DEPENDENT_FRENKEL.

Referenced by setInverseSinterViscosity().

 {
     sinterType_ = sinterType;
     if (sinterType_==SINTERTYPE::CONSTANT_RATE)
         logger(INFO, "Sintertype set to CONSTANT_RATE");
     else if (sinterType_==SINTERTYPE::PARHAMI_MCKEEPING)
         logger(INFO, "Sintertype set to PARHAMI_MCKEEPING");
     else if (sinterType_==SINTERTYPE::TEMPERATURE_DEPENDENT_FRENKEL)
         logger(INFO, "Sintertype set to TEMPERATURE_DEPENDENT_FRENKEL");
     else
         logger(ERROR, "Sintertype not understood");
 }

void SinterNormalSpecies::setStiffnessAndRestitutionCoefficient	(	Mdouble	stiffness,
		Mdouble	eps,
		Mdouble	mass
	)

Sets k, disp such that it matches a given tc and eps for a collision of two copies of P.

Sets k, disp such that it matches a given tc and eps for a collision of two copies of P

Parameters

[in]	stiffness	stiffness
[in]	eps	restitution coefficient
[in]	mass	effective particle mass, $\frac{2}{1/m1+1/m2}$

Definition at line 415 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

References dissipation_, loadingStiffness_, mathsFunc::log(), constants::sqr_pi, mathsFunc::square(), and unloadingStiffnessMax_.

 {
     loadingStiffness_ = stiffness;
     if (eps==0.0) {
         dissipation_ = std::sqrt(2.0 * mass * stiffness);
     } else {
         dissipation_ = -std::sqrt(2.0 * mass * stiffness / (constants::sqr_pi + mathsFunc::square(log(eps)))) * log(eps);
     }
     unloadingStiffnessMax_ = loadingStiffness_;
 }

void SinterNormalSpecies::setTemperatureDependentSinterRate ( std::function< double(double temperature)> temperatureDependentSinterRate )

Definition at line 384 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

References temperatureDependentSinterRate_.

 {
     temperatureDependentSinterRate_ = temperatureDependentSinterRate;
 }

void SinterNormalSpecies::setUnloadingStiffnessMax ( Mdouble unloadingStiffnessMax )

Sets the maximum unloading stiffness of the linear plastic-viscoelastic normal force.

Parameters

[in] unloadingStiffnessMax the maximum unloading stiffness of the linear plastic-viscoelastic normal force.

Definition at line 196 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

References unloadingStiffnessMax_.

Referenced by setPlasticParameters().

 {
     unloadingStiffnessMax_ = unloadingStiffnessMax;
 }

void SinterNormalSpecies::write ( std::ostream & os ) const

virtual

Writes the species properties to an output stream.

Parameters

[out] output stream (typically the restart file)

Implements BaseObject.

Definition at line 78 of file SinterNormalSpecies.cc.

References cohesionStiffness_, dissipation_, inverseSinterViscosity_, loadingStiffness_, penetrationDepthMax_, sinterAdhesion_, sinterRate_, sinterType_, and unloadingStiffnessMax_.

 {
     os  << " loadingStiffness " << loadingStiffness_;
     os  << " maxUnloadingStiffness " << unloadingStiffnessMax_;
     os  << " cohesionStiffness " << cohesionStiffness_;
     os  << " maxPenetration " << penetrationDepthMax_;
     os  << " dissipation " << dissipation_;
     os  << " sinterAdhesion " << sinterAdhesion_;
     os  << " inverseSinterViscosity " << inverseSinterViscosity_;
     os  << " sinterRate_ " << sinterRate_;
     os  << " sinterType " << (unsigned) sinterType_;
 }

Member Data Documentation

Mdouble SinterNormalSpecies::cohesionStiffness_

private

the adhesive spring constant (k^c) for plastic deformations

Definition at line 212 of file SinterNormalSpecies.h.

Referenced by getCohesionStiffness(), mix(), read(), setCohesionStiffness(), SinterNormalSpecies(), and write().

Mdouble SinterNormalSpecies::dissipation_

private

linear dissipation coefficient

Definition at line 218 of file SinterNormalSpecies.h.

Referenced by computeTimeStep(), getCollisionTime(), getDissipation(), mix(), read(), setDissipation(), setStiffnessAndRestitutionCoefficient(), SinterNormalSpecies(), and write().

Mdouble SinterNormalSpecies::inverseSinterViscosity_

private

Determines sinter viscosity nu = contactRadius^4/inverseSinterViscosity_ in sinter rate: d(delta0)/dt = (fa+fep)/nu

Definition at line 228 of file SinterNormalSpecies.h.

Referenced by getInverseSinterViscosity(), mix(), read(), setInverseSinterViscosity(), SinterNormalSpecies(), and write().

Mdouble SinterNormalSpecies::loadingStiffness_

private

(normal) spring constant (k_1)

Definition at line 206 of file SinterNormalSpecies.h.

Referenced by getCollisionTime(), getLoadingStiffness(), mix(), read(), setLoadingStiffness(), setStiffnessAndRestitutionCoefficient(), SinterNormalSpecies(), and write().

Mdouble SinterNormalSpecies::penetrationDepthMax_

private

the depth (relative to the normalized radius) at which k_2^max is used (phi_f)

Definition at line 215 of file SinterNormalSpecies.h.

Referenced by getPenetrationDepthMax(), mix(), read(), setPenetrationDepthMax(), SinterNormalSpecies(), and write().

Mdouble SinterNormalSpecies::sinterAdhesion_

private

Determines sinter adhesion force fa=sinterAdhesion_*radius in sinter rate: d(delta0)/dt = (fa+fep)/nu

Definition at line 223 of file SinterNormalSpecies.h.

Referenced by getSinterAdhesion(), mix(), read(), setSinterAdhesion(), SinterNormalSpecies(), and write().

Mdouble SinterNormalSpecies::sinterRate_

private

Determines sinter rate: d(delta0)/dt = (fa+fep)/nu

Definition at line 233 of file SinterNormalSpecies.h.

Referenced by getSinterRate(), read(), setSinterRate(), SinterNormalSpecies(), and write().

SINTERTYPE SinterNormalSpecies::sinterType_

private

sinterType options determin how the rate of sintering, d(equilibriumOverlap)/dt is computed PARHAMI_MCKEEPING: sinter rate given by (sinterAdhesion+normalForce)/sinterViscosity CONSTANT_RATE: sinter rate given by sinterRate

Definition at line 240 of file SinterNormalSpecies.h.

Referenced by getSinterType(), read(), setSinterForceAndTime(), setSinterType(), SinterNormalSpecies(), and write().

std::function<double(double temperature)> SinterNormalSpecies::temperatureDependentSinterRate_ = [this] (double temperature) {return sinterRate_;}

private

Definition at line 245 of file SinterNormalSpecies.h.

Referenced by getTemperatureDependentSinterRate(), and setTemperatureDependentSinterRate().

Mdouble SinterNormalSpecies::unloadingStiffnessMax_

private

the maximum elastic constant (k_2^max) for plastic deformations

Definition at line 209 of file SinterNormalSpecies.h.

Referenced by computeTimeStep(), getUnloadingStiffnessMax(), mix(), read(), setStiffnessAndRestitutionCoefficient(), setUnloadingStiffnessMax(), SinterNormalSpecies(), and write().

The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:

Species/NormalForceSpecies/SinterNormalSpecies.h
Species/NormalForceSpecies/SinterNormalSpecies.cc

Public Types

Public Member Functions

Private Attributes

Detailed Description

Member Typedef Documentation

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